Machines and processes are controlled using many strategies, from simple ladder logic to custom algorithms for specialized process control, but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

Every plant in the process industry most likely has several control loops that do not perform well. Although there are many factors that may negatively affect control loop performance, a few of these ...

How to read Bode plots to assess dynamic control behavior of a power-supply design. Observing Bode plots from an example voltage regulator to observe control-loop speed and stability. This article ...

The days when converter manufacturers would have little option but to rely on the expertise of power-module specialists to design filters, optimize the control loop, and provide the result, have given ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...

Loop analysis of analog and mixed-signal discontinuous systems, such as PLLs, delta-sigma converters, switched-capacitor filters, PWM amplifiers, and switch-mode power supplies, presents a unique ...