Horizontal lines run left to right, parallel to the horizon, with slope 0 and equation y = k. Vertical lines run top to bottom, perpendicular to the horizon, with undefined slope and equation x = k.

Vertical or horizontal integration is at the heart of a company’s operations strategy. We’ll talk more about why there is new momentum around vertical integration, but first we ask which model ...

When comparing the differences between horizontal and vertical organizations, there is one name that towers above all others: Alfred P. Sloan. Before Sloan, all businesses generally had a vertical ...

Understanding leadership theories and how they are affected by an organization's hierarchical structure helps executives develop useful tools to build and strengthen teams. Vertical strategies look ...