Algebraic structures constitute a fundamental framework in modern mathematics, providing essential tools for abstract reasoning and practical applications across diverse scientific fields. These ...

Semigroup theory examines algebraic structures consisting of a set endowed with an associative binary operation. These structures encompass a wide range of mathematical entities including monoids, ...

How can the behavior of elementary particles and the structure of the entire universe be described using the same mathematical concepts? This question is at the heart of recent work by the ...